Still, when religion plays a predominant role as a coping resource, this is often because the individual has few or limited other alternatives available in his/her immediate sociocultural context. Iran, officially recognized as the Islamic Republic of Iran, has a population of more than 84 million.It is an arid and mountainous country between Iraq and Afganistan with shores on the Persian and Caspian Sea. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. If something happens to us we must act and try to affect our life; not see everything as Gods Will. Rice and fresh unleavened or semi leavened whole-grain bread are staple starches. With a population of 80 million (2017), Iran is one of the most populous countries in West Asia. It is worth noting that the expectations regarding what is honourable and shameful can vary significantly between different people, family backgrounds and social attitudes. This is based on the traditional idea that people should protect their personal and family honour by giving a public impression of dignity and integrity. And this is the way he wants to remind me. The health beliefs of individuals have a . They verified the process of coding and categorisation. Relation of existential meaning-making domains. The study was based on qualitative research. The notion that illness is a test imposed on us by God is an old one. Perhaps the biggest implication the system of governance has had on Iranian culture relates to the way Iranians conduct themselves in public and private. While prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it is seen as pretentious and can draw quick dislike and denigration. Spiritual Connection means experiencing a sense of connectedness with forces that transcend the individual as a coping method to gain comfort. Many bans limit their involvement in the public sphere, tighten their moral code of dress and deny them freedom of expression. They invite a great number of guests for the wedding day. Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. As in other studies in the international project, after translation of the transcribed interviews, the interview protocols were coded in line with the themes found in the study using a thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, Citation2006) and the MAXQDA software (version 12). Semi-structured qualitative interviews were employed to identify the meaning-making coping methods used by cancer patients in Iran. We can explain this point by refereeing to the absence of the phenomenon of the Church in its Christian sense in Islam. This was not about my feelings and emotions but it was a kind of future writing. In fact, there are just as many ways of being Iranian and religious, as there are Iranians. In Iran, people generally feel able to relax their moral codes of behaviour and reveal the private side of their life when surrounded by people from their inner circle. Medications like these are seen as first-line treatment in Iran. 6. Examples include post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and high blood pressure, and about half of the Somali refugees and asylum-seekers suffer from a combination of two or more of these conditions (Gerritsen et al., 2006). There is a huge variation in social codes, behaviours and beliefs between different regions of Iran. Family values are important to the structure and well-being of the family. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. As concerns religious coping, we started from the Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE (Pargament, Koenig, & Perez, Citation2000, p. 521). When our interviewees talked about ziyarat, they often referred to visiting his holy shrine. Ultimately, the interview questions were modified to ensure that they were culturally adapted to an Iranian-Islamic context. These are primarily their family members and close friends. We find two patterns regarding such connectedness. There is a divide in the values of the country between those families that are progressive on this matter and those that maintain conservative values. Sobhani and Mirdarikondi (Citation2014) found that ziyarat enhances enthusiasm and positive behaviour in individuals. The verse continues this way: Recite in the name of your Lord who createdCreated man from a clinging substance. I thought to myself a clinging substance means a blood mass and I had Leukemia too, so God who creates mankind from blood can heal me. One of the most interesting finding from the present study is that although several interviewees reported relying on God, their coping methods cannot be defined as passive. I didnt sit on the bed and pray God save me, God, make me well, God, why dont you make me well?I was convinced I should take ten steps to answer one step in response, therefore I said to myself that I should rely on myself and only myself in this world. The perceived role of God in illness and recovery is a primary influence upon the health care beliefs and behaviors of American Muslims, a first-of-its-kind study has discovered. In Iranian culture, boys are generally more indulged than girls, and more opportunities are generally available to them in the public sphere. Full-text available. The study reveals, among others, the impact of cultural beliefs on certain religious coping methods, even among those who are not regarded as practicing Muslims. Putting others before ones self is considered the most dignified behaviour (see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation). In a professional context where both males and females may be employed, people are cautious to maintain a physical distance from the other gender. So I accepted it and was happy with it. Such an unwillingness to turn to clergies in the time of difficulty is also found in our Turkish study. Most Iranians seem to be unified across ethnic divides. As an example, the idea of Schildkrout can be taken who notes that the tradition to decorate the body in various ways has a global trend, and this practice has been adopted for many centuries (79 . If something is going to happen, God knows and writes. Survey identifies health behaviors, challenges shared by Muslim community. Then, an expert panel of five individuals, who were proficient in both English and Persian as well as experts in Health Psychology and Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, reviewed the translation and confirmed it, requesting some revisions so as to minimise the differences between the English version and the target Persian form. Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. The dynamics of relationships are significantly shaped by the reality of which activities Iranians feel safe doing in public. Iranians can be a superstitious bunch, especially when it comes to being jinxed. (p. 46). Culture, a socially transmitted system of shared knowledge, beliefs and/or practices that varies across groups, and individuals within those groups, has been a critical mode of adaptation throughout the history of our species [].Socioeconomic status, gender, religion and moral values all play into how . In order to provide sensitive and culturally appropriate care, nurses should be aware of the general impact of cultural norms and values on the process of maternal role attainment and strive to meet the cultural needs of all mothers. One 41-year-old man explained this: We have a responsibility to act. Results of data analysis show the importance of using protective expressions when complimenting in Persian and Arabic. The purpose of the project is to explore, from a sociological perspective, different forms of meaning-making coping (existential, spiritual, and religious coping) used by people who have been struck by cancer and, thereby, to attempt to understand the effect of culture on the use of these coping strategies. Patients in Somalia commonly exhibit symptoms of chronic disorders in response to stress and turmoil. I knew that I would win if I only relied on myself. This high rate of cesarean requires careful consideration. Seven major themes emerged: respect for dignity, professional integrity, professional commitment, developing human relationships, justice, honesty, and promoting individuals and the nursing profession. Education, wealth and ethnic or tribal associations can all affect a persons social standing. Completely surrounded by God, I put myself and my destiny in His hands. The study highlights the importance of investigating cultural and social context when exploring the use of the meaning-making coping strategies in different countries. Angela Sanchez. Show abstract. The coding based on the themes found in the study used a template analysis style, a theory-driven analysis (Malterud, Citation2014), while categorisation of the themes was based on the results obtained in other studies in the project (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018; Ahmadi et al., Citation2017; Ahmadi, Ahmadi, Erbil, & Cetrez Citation2016). Chief Editor: Robert T. Muller, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. This work was supported by Hgskolan i Gvle: [Grant Number 7350]. They help teach kids the difference between right and wrong. As Willander (Citation2014, p. 21) explains, the aspects of the religious which are invested with cultural meaning do not need to be either historically or theologically correct to be socially relevant. It is therefore for understanding the use of religious coping by cancer patients, that a sociological perspective seems necessary. The categories or sub-categories were then linked to relevant codes in the material. Mass Shooters and the Myth That Evil Is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why It Matters. We found two patterns. Different. Many Iranians have misgivings about the politicisation of Islam. Christians are the largest minority religion population, at 2,50,000 to 3,70,000. Results and Discussion on religious coping methods (RCOPE), https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2018.1555699, https://journals.bmsu.ac.ir/jbs/index.php/jbs/article/view/593, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200004)56:4<519::AID-JCLP6>3.0.CO;2-1, http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/translation/en, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. Despite restrictions on their public involvement, many women in Iran are highly educated. Moreover, it was explained to all potential informants that the research is part of an international study aimed at identifying the strategies patients use to cope with their illness; participation was voluntary; participants could withdraw at any time or from any part of the research without any consequences for themselves; the data are kept confidential; and the research reports have been presented and published without mentioning the participants name or representative characteristics. It is important for non-Muslims to understand that many Iranians generally recognise the government as the source of their complaint, not Islam. One is Support from Saints and Imams but not Clergy. The purpose of this study was to explore factors promoting Iranian older adults' spirituality. After the loss of her unborn child, Nahal spirals into deep depression, deciding not to remove dead fetal tissue from her womb. The notion of solidarity helps us to understand how people of different generations relate to, help and depend on one another in their daily lives. Accordingly, the focus, as well in this article as in our international project, is not the theological or physiological aspects of coping, but the sociological ones, i.e., the role of cultural settings in the framework of which the informants are socialised in applying the coping methods. A study conducted on Arab Muslims' health beliefs and priorities for health care highlighted important misinterpretations of the concept of predestination, suggesting that some would not . Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. Somaq: It is a Persian spice that represents sunlight. Religious association also has powerful leverage in society. Behaviour in Iran is also noticeably influenced by peoples perceptions of pride and dignity. To avoid it (or in case they feel as though they've already been jinxed), they will burn espand, wild rue seeds, until they pop and wave the smoke over the heads of their loved ones. They commonly obtain a university degree and have entered the professions of law, engineering, politics, medicine and business. The individual may endorse self-directed methods because he/she is not very religious and does not involve God in the coping process. Health (2 days ago) WebThe Mexicans truly believe that unity is strength. However, individuals may not necessarily believe in these actions and instead fake them for the sake of their safety and reputation. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the region, and it has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. Designing effective health interventions for managing early marriage needs to apply the community-based approaches. 6. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. I had learned this devotional habit in my childhood. According to research published in the Journal of Health and Social Behaviour by Erin Cornwell of Cornell University and Linda Waite of the University of Chicago, social relationships are particularly important for those coping with mental illness; social withdrawal aggravates loneliness, stress, and feelings of low self-worth. Praying or having any conversation with a transcendent power, reading religious or spiritual texts regardless of whether there is any God or transcendent power are not passive ways of facing a crisis; they are actually active attempts to understand ones situation and put it in a comprehensive context. Individuals then keep any information surrounding troubles within the family circle away from public knowledge. Breuer developed what he referred to as a cathartic treatment for hysteria. Elderly relatives are kept at home, not placed in a nursing home. Figure 1. It is a country with a rich history and unique culture. 2 Traditional Family Values 3 Health Care Beliefs and Practices 5 Health Risks 6 Women's Health 7 Youth Health 7 Special Events 7 Spirituality 9 References and Resources IRANIAN CULTURE . This test is Gods message to remind us not to turn our back to Him. Despite the firmly entrenched reach of the Islamic Republic, Iranians generally discuss politics with vigour. Centuries of gender discrimination and segregation of sexes has created distinct roles and codes of behavior for both the sexes and many are still practiced today. One interviewee, a 42-year-old man, explained that: This test was important to me to understand what life is about. Several researchers (Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018; DeMarinis, Citation2014; Lloyd, Citation2018) have investigated this relation from divergent perspectives. (p. 12). In the first pattern, the informants redefined the situation by regarding it as Gods test. This is called Shafaah. One can notice it in the institutions dedicated to technology and medical sciences, but also in the general populations remarkable mobilisation of multiple social networks. Instead, people are expected to self-deprecate their success. Ziyarat is, however, not merely a way of reaching God to ask for help. All leaders are expected to have a high level of academic achievement or theological education. This being the case, we can understand why our informants have used visiting pilgrims as a method of coping with their illness. Culture, a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors, is shaped by history, religion, ethnic identity, language, and nationality, among other factors. Western values had both negative and positive effects on the social, economic, political, and cultural lives of Nigerians. For example, the Quran says: We try you by means of danger, and hunger, and loss of worldly goods, of lives and of [labors] fruits, but give glad tidings unto those who are patient in adversity.Footnote1 Therefore, according to the religious teachings, the negative events have a purpose and people are required to be patient to achieve spiritual growth. I never forget Him for a second. Patient-centered care implies involving family members and incorporating care tailored to the patient's culture. Indeed, subjects that Australians often avoid (politics and religion) are not necessarily taboo conversations among friends and colleagues in Iran. They are beliefs, ideas, and principles that are specific to your home and how it functions. I believe God wanted to warn me with illness and maybe death to change my life and be a better person. (53-year-old female), Hand in hand with God, we walked together on this path. Permission is granted subject to the terms of the License under which the work was published. At the same time Iranians will try to bring the outdoors inside whenever possible. External Factors. Attributions and adjustment by cancer patients, Attitude of patients living in Switzerland about cancer and its treatment, Positive psychology from Islamic perspective, Pilgrimage and its dual functions in Iranian Shiitsm, Beliefs about causes of cancer in cancer patients, Uppsala University, Department of Theology, The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE. In Nigeria, the core traditional values have been debased at the modern era. The Cultural Atlas team acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work. Nevertheless, many parents suggest partners to their children, who then may or may not agree with their recommendation. 5 Here we refer to the real believers and not to the majority of Iranians who according to the law are regarded as Shiites. Careful consideration was made during this phase. Indeed, general society embraces science and development, and there seems to be a cultural consensus that Islamic principles do not necessarily contradict technological and scientific progress. All these things calm me down and give me strength. The culture of sitting next to the table, pickles, flavors, sweets, and the rituals of its beginning and end, or hosting, and serving food is one of the main pillars, also shows this importance. Children are not necessarily expected to go into their parents profession, but are urged to follow their passion. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. The participants were recruited through a number of cancer treatment and rehabilitation centres in Tehran. Most of the participants were Shia Muslims. Today, a majority of transplants performed in Iran are from living non-related donations (LNRD). "Cultural family values" emerged as a facilitator for child marriage. Mixing of males and females only really occurs within families or closely knit circles of friends. For payment of donors, the government sets the price for kidneys at $4,600 per organ. He was married to a Persian princess. When she tries to address the issue with her mother and husband, shes turned away. It also helps for the child to see how he specifically contributes to the family. 0467469664; admin@thecleanex.com.au; The Cleanex is an NDIS Service Provider - NDIS Provider Number: 4050017476 We all have cultural values. In addition to family values and habits, some external factors can have a significant impact on people's cultural preferences. This ensures that the households name is not implicated with trouble and their honour is protected. ,islamic council of queensland,haram,providers,guide,handbook,islamic,food beliefs,caring for muslim patients,Islamic beliefs affecting health care Islamic clergy can be regarded as vicar, master or guardian. It is a Muslim man, or woman, educated in Islamic theology and sacred law. While it borders seven different countries, the Iranian people do not seem to affiliate themselves with the Arab world; nor do they share much commonality with those in South/Central Asia. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran mandates that the official religion of Iran is Shia Islam practiced according to the Twelver Jafari school. Intercession is a safe way of obtaining a divine blessing. Figure 1, presented by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018), depicts the relation between religious, spiritual and secular existential coping observed in our project. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore specific cultural and religious beliefs and values concerning death and dying, truth telling . The health care beliefs and values of Mexican-Americans. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. Eyes, although tremendously important in sexual and affectional relations, are also regarded an important body part because they can attract evil. They are expected to be clean, well-behaved, and good students. For this reason, some people have found coping methods that are not religious. Mental illness in a family member is viewed as a familial flaw. This happened in the midst of human civilization through invasions. Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the informants. Culture influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and diagnostic claims of an individual. The larger study has been conducted among cancer patients in 10 countries. Research by Ahmad Ali Noorbala and colleagues from Tehran University of Medical Sciences shows women in Iran have a greater incidence of mental disorders than women in Western cultures. The interests of the family can supersede the needs of a single individual. Mexican Family Culture: Important Values, Traditions, and Beliefs. According to Aflakseir and Coleman (Citation2011): The Quran emphasises clearly that the difficulties in this world are to test the believer and also asking people to have patience in facing their problems. . TEHRAN, Nov. 18 (MNA) - According to PersianRestaurant.org, food culture is the practices, attitudes, and beliefs surrounding the production, distribution, and consumption of food. In our study, we observed interviewees who preferred to rely on themselves rather than God for Reason A, above. In recent decades, access to political power has become one of the biggest social advantages and indications of privilege. Nevertheless, the results of several studies (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi, Park, Kim, & Ahmadi Citation2017; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018) reveal the occurrence of other coping strategies that can hardly be regarded as religious or spiritual, for instance, strategies connected to nature. Cultural values are a culture's core beliefs about what's good or right. Activities Iranians feel safe doing in public and private from living non-related donations ( LNRD ) single individual fresh or! Fresh unleavened or semi leavened whole-grain bread are staple starches unity is strength remind us not to dead... The individual as a facilitator for child marriage or closely knit circles of friends exhibit of. Or theological education more opportunities are generally more indulged than girls, and cultural lives of.... Access to political power has become one of the Islamic Republic, Iranians generally discuss politics with vigour the... 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And religions truth telling had on Iranian culture relates to the law are regarded as Shiites meaningful life possible the!, people are expected to be clean, well-behaved, and good students discuss politics with.. Muller, the interview questions were modified to ensure that they were culturally adapted to an Iranian-Islamic context our. The notion that illness is a Muslim man, or woman, in. Quick dislike and denigration coping with their recommendation a better person positive behaviour in Iran are highly.... Noticeably influenced by peoples perceptions of pride and dignity study has been conducted among cancer patients in 10.... Further explanation ) sense in Islam specific cultural and religious beliefs and values concerning death and dying truth! See Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation ) the name of your Lord who man. Affect a persons social standing deciding not to turn our back to Him Mental illness in a family member viewed... 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Most populous countries in West Asia issue with her mother and husband, shes turned away ( see Taarof Etiquette.
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