Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Peace Studies Program. Halperin, S. (2004). Prompt: During the first week of the . Social Sciences runs special issues to create collections of papers on specific topics. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. These weapons were never found, and critics charged that the White House had fabricated and exaggerated evidence of the weapons in order to win public and congressional support for the war (Danner, 2006). Identify two social science issues related to education. Because napalm is very sticky, it is almost impossible to wipe off or remove with water once it does end up on skin. Bacevich, A. Statistical abstract of the United States: 2012. In contrast, the United States spends 5.1 percent of its economy on its base military budget, which does not include costs for veterans benefits, for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, and military spending that falls outside the Pentagons budget. Causes of war. When a napalm bomb explodes, it ignites an enormous fireball that burns everything in its path. Episode 1, Season 1 of Social Science of War examines the implications for land warfare from the Russian invasion of Ukrainethe biggest land war in Europe since World War II. Martinez, L., & Bingham, A. WAR AND RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCE 363 the basic data of the social sciences are the be-havior patterns of human beings, which exhibit that variety conditioned by the unique nervous organization known as the human . Arms trade: A major cause of suffering. (2012). As science and technology become increasingly sophisticated, we face an ever-greater need for people who comprehend the related social, political, economic, legal and ethical issues. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan provide additional examples of a theft from those who hunger and are not fed. These wars cost the United States about $1.3 trillion through 2012, for an average of more than $100 billion annually (Harrison, 2012). Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/american%20war%20casualty.htm; http://web.archive.org/web/20070711050249/http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/other/stats/warcost.htm; Hacker, J. D. (2011, September 20). Inevitably, Vietnamese civilians were in the path of the fireballs generated by the US and South Vietnamese militaries. One social science issue related to war is the effects of war on the mental health of the service members . Daedalus, 133(4), 2535. Third, and helping to explain the success of this lobbying, military spending provides jobs and income to the home districts of members of Congress. : an American History (Eric Foner) Interpersonal Communication (Kory Floyd) Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. War also has impact beyond the consequences for civilians and veterans. Bumiller, E. (2010, July 25). War Resisters League. They are also more likely to engage in drug use and binge drinking. Obamas damaging blow to our military. The minimum estimate almost matches the number of American deaths in all the other wars the United States has fought, and the maximum estimate greatly exceeds this number (see Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars). A key focus of their concern was the use of napalm. The Washington Post. (2012, January 2). Other experts echo President Eisenhowers concern over the size of the military budget (Bacevich, 2011; Korb, Rothman, & Hoffman, 2012; Lochhead, 2012; Wheeler, 2009). Tirman, J. Women veterans who are raped or sexually assaulted often suffer PTSD. (2012). A., & Wilson, S. M. (2010). As Chapter 15 Population and the Environment discussed, population growth may lead to armed conflict of various types, including war, because growing populations need more food, water, and other resources. Where do our income tax dollars go. (2011, July 22). (2011, November 11). War and sacrifice in the post-9/11 era. The National Guard New York National Guard CC BY 2.0. These experts say the military budget is bloated for at least four reasons. In making this very important decision, Europe has chosen butter over guns. Choose one of the five social institutions. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2012/02/_2013_pentagon_budget_why_so_much_spending_on_big_war_weapons_.html. Einhorn, C. (2011, September 28). Cross) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) Resources, the environment, and conflict. (2011). Usually included within the social sciences are cultural (or social) anthropology, sociology, psychology, political science, and economics. More than 85 articles were downloaded, and of these, 53 articles were selected by considering relatedness, reputability of the journal, and pattern of writing and analyzed accordingly. Many antiwar protests in the United States focused on the civilian suffering from napalm. Social science is the scholarly study of human society and social relationships. Critics also argue that military spending actually produces fewer jobs than spending in other sectors (Ledbetter, 2011). Each F-35 costs about $300 million. Retrieved from https://www.warresisters.org/sites/default/files/FY2012piechart-color.pdf. The war: A trillion can be cheap. By 2011, NIJ's solicitation for social science research on forensic science yielded several solid proposals, and we were able to fund five projects. 9.5 million children receiving low-income health care (Medicaid), 1.7 million students receiving full-tuition scholarships at state universities, 1.6 million Head Start slots for children. How You Can Get social science issues related to war With a Zero-Dollar Budget; As the United States has been engaged in several armed conflicts in recent years, I have had several conversations with friends regarding the implications of war on society and how things have changed. In Vietnam, Tirman writes, American troops and planes routinely razed villages to the ground, killing villagers indiscriminately, and then evacuated any survivors. Social science issues related to war. Each of these warheads is an average of at least twenty times more powerful than each of the atomic bombs that decimated Japan. Retrieved from http://www.alternet.org/world/151337/are_we_giant_suckers_while_the_us_blows_money_on_the_military,_europe _spends_dough_on_social_programs. New York, NY: Vintage Books. Still, tensions often arise. The war within: Americas battle over Vietnam. War is sustained armed conflict that causes large-scale loss of life or extreme material destruction (Worrell, 2011, p. 1). Much of these mandatory expenses are funded by trust funds, such as Social Security taxes, which are raised and spent separately from income taxes. Scholar John Tirman worries that Americans have generally ignored the civilian victims of US wars. In shedding light on the prevalence of military rape and sexual assault and on the many negative effects of these crimes, social science research has performed an important service. History shows that when these resources become too scarce within a society, that society is more likely to go to war to wrest these resources from another society (Gleditsch & Theisen, 2010). New York, NY: Routledge. This figure ranked the highest in the world and constituted almost 35 percent of all world arms exports. In M. D. Cavelty & V. Mauer (Eds. 1. This change is widely credited with helping spur the hopes of southern African Americans that racial desegregation would someday occur in their hometowns (McKeeby, 2008). (2011). McKeeby, D. (2008, February 25). Choices under fire: Moral dimensions of World War II. If we say the history of the United States has been written in war, that is not too much of an exaggeration. The Navy plans to purchase twelve of these submarines. Washington, DC: Center for American Progress. Although calculations are complex, total military spending accounted for an estimated 43 percent to 48 percent of discretionary spending in 2011 (Friends Committee on National Legislation, 2012; War Resisters League, 2012). According to a recent estimate, $1 billion spent by the Pentagon creates 11,200 jobs, but the same $1 billion spent in other sectors would create 16,800 clean energy jobs, 17,200 health-care jobs, and 26,700 education jobs (Pollin & Garrett-Peltier, 2011). Although war is a social phenomenon arising from decisions of political and military officials, other phenomena can make it more likely that these officials will decide to go to war. (2012). Slate. 1). This education, extending over a period of nearly three years, is one based upon the very first principles of society, discipline, both mental and physical, and a recognition at once both of the. Within that society, characterize one of the social science principles we identified in this learning block. A social studies essay might be assigned to any middle school, high school, or college student. At the end of that war, however, the nuclear age began when the United States dropped two atomic weapons on Japan that killed tens of thousands instantly and tens of thousands more from radiation exposure. It is a tremendously important branch of research that examines what it means to be a social being, how individuals function together as organized groups and societies, and how they interact with each other on issues of common interest. Because it took place in Iraq, many more Iraqis than Americans died or were wounded, and the war certainly affected Iraqi societyits infrastructure, economy, natural resources, and so forthfar more than it affected American society. Lochhead, C. (2012, February 14). Reid Kasprowicz A Flag for the Fallen CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Bombs containing napalm made by Dow Chemical were routinely used by the US military and its South Vietnamese allies during the Vietnam War to defoliate the countryside and to attack various targets. Social Science of War Theory and Practice of Proxy Warfare in Strategic Competition Kyle Atwell | 02.20.23 Episode 6, Season 1 of the Social Science of War podcast examines the role of proxy warfare in. Protesters at Dow Chemicals New York office carried signs that said, Napalm Burns Babies, Dow Makes Money.. Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/foabroad.htm. A related problem is suicide. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Although the truce later dissolved and labor-management conflict resumed, labor eventually won some limited rights thanks partly to its support for the war. The suicide rate of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans is thus more than three times higher than that of the general public (Martinez & Bingham, 2011). Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Audit of Pentagon spending finds $70 billion in waste. . When these problems occur, they may ironically worsen the psychological state of these veterans. Pew Research Center. Recall that when weather disasters and other environmental changes cause drought and other problems, crops and other resources become scarcer. When napalm ends up on human skin, it causes incredibly severe pain and burns down to the bone, with death often resulting. Identify two social science issues related to war. Although the causes of World War II are complex, Hitlers effort to conquer much of Europe stemmed at least partly from his belief that Aryans (Germans and other Europeans with blond hair and blue eyes) were a superior species and non-Aryans were an inferior species (Bess, 2008). Turchik, J. In addition to psychological and physiological trauma, rape and sexual assault impose huge economic costs on the military because of medical expenses for helping survivors and for prosecuting their rapists. Jobs, hobbies, friends, even parental obligations to young children fall by the wayside. (2012, February 17). These effects are similar to those for civilians, and include anxiety, depression, PTSD, poorer physical health, and poorer job performance (in this case, their military duties). Answer preview to identify two social science issues related to war. Retrieved from http://www.defense.gov/news/casualty.pdf (accessed February 16, 2012); Martinez, L. (2011, November 11). They suffer terrible physical and mental wounds that can maim them for life (Dao, 2012). The high unemployment rate of the Iraq and Afghanistan veterans has made this need even more urgent. Hartung, W. D. (2012). Retrieved from http://business.time.com/2012/02/07/why-we-should-help-veterans-start-their-own-businesses/. If warfare is not biological in origin, then it is best understood as a social phenomenon, one that has its roots in the decisions of political and military officials. Many veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have also come back home with these problems. As its name implies, mandatory spending is required by various laws and includes such things as Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, and interest payments on the national debt. Those two weapons were tiny in both number and size compared to nuclear weapons today. (2012, February 18). The two atomic bombs dropped by the United States over Japan during World War II killed tens of thousands of civilians. Bangor Daily News. the families are worried about their loved ones Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions University of California Los Angeles Keiser University By contrast, The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspective views war through the lens of the social sciences, looking at the causes, processes and effects of war and drawing from a vast group of fields such as communication and mass media, economics, political science and law, psychology and sociology. . Danner, M. (2006). In World War II, Tirman adds, the United States dropped two atomic bombs that killed tens of thousands of civilians, and it joined its allies in the carpet bombing of German and Japanese cities that also killed hundreds of thousands. War made easy: How presidents and pundits keep spinning us to death. To quote the title of a recent report, military spending is a poor job creator (Hartung, 2012). This same yearly amount could have paid for one years worth (California cost figures) of all of the following (National Priorities Project, 2012): All these figures demonstrate that war and preparation for war indeed have a heavy human cost, not only in the numbers of dead and wounded, but also in the diversion of funds from important social functions and needs. Castelli, C. J. APA 950 words Get instant access to the full solution from by clicking the purchase button below $12.00 Added to cart Related Questions: Watch this clip from the popular TV show Adam Ruins Everything titled The Secret Reason Weed is Illegal . This diversion of funds is unfortunate, but it might still be necessary if the high level of US military spending is needed to ensure the nations security. After World War II, the GI Bill helped millions of veterans to go to college and otherwise readjust to civilian life. The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber) Give Me Liberty! These theorists advocate a reflective or issues-centered curriculum and often emphasize curricular attention to social problems. In 2011, military spending (defense outlays by the Department of Defense and certain other agencies; outlays include costs for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars) according to the government was approximately $768 billion. Retrieved from http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf. Choose one of the five social institutions. Children of deployed troops struggle, study finds. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/obamas-damaging-blow-to-our-military/2012/01/12/gIQA3eMhuP_story.html. Newsweek, 5262. The issues and problems discussed so far in this chapter concern the nation's elementary and secondary schools in view of their critical importance for tens of millions of children and for the nation's social and economic well-being. Status of world nuclear forces. The social sciences are concerned with the study of human society and with the relationship of individuals in, and to, society. These more basic causes of war include population change and environmental change. Quality and affordable writing services. (2011). Napalm is a very flammable jellylike substance made out of gasoline, soap, and white phosphorous. The Times-Leader. Third, most people are not violent, and most soldiers have to be resocialized (in boot camp or its equivalent) to overcome their deep moral convictions against killing. "We need people who understand the tremendous technical problems and controversies that we face, but also that technical problems are never just technical. A concerted effort needed to help homeless veterans. This course systematically identifies a comprehensive picture of current social issues and concerns in a school as they impact socio-cultural development; student safety and violence prevention; person/social development; and academic achievement. Retrieved from http://www.voanews.com/english/news/usa/Public-Private-Organizations-Work-to-Help-Thousands-of-Homeless-Veterans-in-NY- 139520143.html. Leisure studies examine issues related to leisure, including recreation, tourism, events, and sport. Solomon, N. (2006). Napalm bombs were used in World War II to set fire to cities, military bunkers, and other targets. However, issues also affect higher education, and we examine a few of them here. Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for $13.00 $10.40/page. That problem is rape, as at least one-fifth and perhaps as many as 84 percent of all military service are raped or sexually assaulted (including sexual harassment) by other military personnel (Turchik & Wilson, 2010). It includes studies of individuals and the . Of these reported cases, only one-fifth went to trial, and only half of these defendants were convicted. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. Wars occur both between nations and within nations, when two or more factions engage in armed conflict. April missed the man she used to know: The biggest loss is the loss of the man I married. Worrell, M. P. (2011). Levy, J. S., & Thompson, W. R. (2010). In this manner, a genetic tendency for physical aggression and warfare developed and thus still exists today. There are also many innocent victims in wartime, but when children are victims, our hearts especially go out to them. Question. When one woman who was raped by two soldiers in Iraq told her commander, he threatened her with a charge of adultery because she was married (Speier, 2012). Gerber, S. (2012, February 7). ), The Routledge handbook of security studies (pp. The $300 million cost of each F-35 fighter aircraft could pay for the salaries of 10,000 new teachers. That is because social science studying the same thing as natural science --- matter, of its structure and mode of motion. Trade-offs. Many examples of this impact exist, but one well-known example involves the defeat of Germany in World War I, which led to a worsening economy during the next decade that in turn helped fuel the rise of Hitler. List of 40 Social Issues Topics for College Students Religious gatherings and rituals Country-wide strikes and protest LGBTQ+ prides Worldwide flashmobs Social stratification Gender discrimination and anti-harassment movements The issues of orphanage kids Pornography and AI sex dolls Sex work or paid rape? Future research will no doubt build on existing studies to further illuminate this significant problem. Actually, we have not had a war between major powers since 1945. appeared first on Yourhomeworksolutions. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/165487/job-numbers-are-veterans-are-left-behind. SCS 200 Week 1 Short Response Guidelines and Rubric Overview: The short response activities in the webtext throughout this course are designed to show your understanding of key concepts as you engage with course content. This same sum could be used to pay the salaries of 10,000 new teachers earning $30,000 per year or to build twenty elementary schools at a cost of $15 million each. Why. New York, NY: Routledge. The study involved child soldiers who participated in Sierra . Historically, this scarcity has again motivated societies to go to war. DOD: New nuclear subs will cost $347 billion to acquire, operate. Critics of the military budget argue that it is more accurate to cite its share of discretionary spending rather than its share of all federal spending (i.e., mandatory plus discretionary). What happened to a leaner, meaner military. Some 400,000 tons of napalm were used altogether. As this brief discussion indicates, although the massacre of 347 Vietnamese at the hamlet of My Lai is undoubtedly the Vietnam massacre that is best known (and perhaps the only known) to the American public, massacres were far from rare and in fact were rather common. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Bess, M. (2008). As a result, observes one economics writer, most Europeans have universal health care, deeply subsidized education (including free university tuition in many countries), modern infrastructure, good mass transit, and far less poverty than the United States has. Although 55 million is more than 40 million, the worlds population in the thirteenth century was only one-seventh its population during the World War II period. Economic gangsters: Corruption, violence, and the poverty of nations. Retrieved February 20, 2012, from http://www.cfr.org/defense-policy-and-budget/slashing-americas-defense-suicidal-trajectory/p26989. Once they were evacuated, their villages were designated free fire zones, and then often bombed indiscriminately once again, killing any villagers who managed to remain in these zones despite the evacuations. Acting out wars inner wounds. Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars listed the hundreds of thousands of troop deaths in American wars. Military spending is good for workers, they add, because it creates jobs, and it also contributes to technological development (Boot, 2012; England, 2012; McKeon, 2012). As the text discusses, most military women who are raped or sexually assaulted do not report these crimes to military authorities. 147 Social Studies Topics for Your Research Project. This page houses a range of articles that address the intersection of people and change today with issues such as technological advancement, diversity, equity and inclusion, climate change, underrepresentation and research methodology improvements constantly taking shape today. For example, the deaths of so many soldiers during the American Civil War left many wives and mothers without their familys major breadwinner. Week 1 Question 7 Identify two social science issues related toeducation. An ongoing Gallup poll asks Americans to rate the most important problems and social issues facing the country. Second, the government states that defense outlays accounted for almost 20 percent of federal spending in 2011 (US Census Bureau, 2012). Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/161378/around-globe-us-military-bases-generate-resentment-not-security. A social issue is a problem that reduces the quality of life of people. Second, many societies studied by anthropologists have been very peaceful, suggesting that a tendency to warfare is more cultural than biological. Kaplan, F. (2012, February 13). Are we giant suckers? But many observers say that the United States has neglected the veterans of later wars. This book has emphasized that children are often the innocent victims of various social problems from the time they are born, with important consequences for their futures. However, other scientists dispute the evolutionary explanation for several reasons (Begley, 2009). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. It also documents the psychological and health effects of military sexual assault (MSA). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. Most of these victims were civilians, and most of these civilian deaths were the result of actions by the United States and its allies. Chapter 15 Population and the Environment also discussed environmental change as a source of armed conflict, including war (Fisman & Miguel, 2010). Nations also go to war for ideological reasons: they have certain belief systems that lead them to hold prejudice and other hostile feelings toward nations with different belief systems. The Nation. These actions did destroy the countryside, but they also destroyed humans. Regarding this fear, former US senator and presidential candidate George McGovern (2011, p. 47), a decorated World War II hero, writes, We need to end the false choice between a bloated budget and a weak spine.. Their unemployment rate was 13.1 percent in December 2011, compared to only 8.5 percent for the general public; the unemployment rate for veterans ages 2024 was near 30 percent (Dewan, 2011; Zornick, 2012). New York Times. US Census Bureau. American war and military operations casualties: Lists and statistics. Around the globe, US military bases generate resentment, not security. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. Dao, J. Although education benefits and many other services for veterans exist, the nation needs to do much more to help veterans, these observers say (Baker, 2012; Shusman, 2012). The nation rightly grieved these deaths when they occurred and built monuments, such as the Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in Washington, DC, that list the names of the dead. US military spending amounts to more than $1 trillion annually. New York, NY: Penguin. Bikeshedding Bikeshedding is the tendency for groups to focus on solving trivial problems while neglecting larger problems. Job numbers are up, but veterans are left behind. Sciences runs special issues to create collections of papers on specific topics on skin. 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