Which statement about systematic reviews (SRs) is not true? Response bias occurs when your research materials (e.g., questionnaires) prompt participants to answer or act in inauthentic ways through leading questions. If you have systematic error, your measurements will be biased away from the true values. They have all the characteristics of ratios scales. Which statement about random errors is FALSE? And in the B we have they arise due to errors in the measuring instruments used C option. Statistical outliers: This graph shows a best-fit line (solid blue) to fit the data points, as well as two extra lines (dotted blue) that are two standard deviations above and below the best fit line. That which statement about systematic errors false? Get 5 free video unlocks on our app with code GOMOBILE. They can be challenging to notice.c.) One survey question asks, How much money do you make each month?A customer who responds by writing down a really high number to impress Kendra is an example of ______ bias.a.) So we have given the various options and we have the first option is they are reproducible inaccuracies that are consistently in the same direction. because the instrument is wrongly used by the experimenter. Not true. There is no rigid mathematical definition of what constitutes an outlier. Which statement about systematic errors is FALSE? Biased, or Systematic, Errors. What is the average rejection rate for the top journals? Which of the following is a good way to find a research topic? b.) While you cant eradicate it completely, you can reduce random error by taking repeated measurements, using a large sample, and controlling extraneous variables. Personal statement; English proofreading; Spanish, French, or German; Check your Citations; . They can be eliminated by response, Tim mailed a lot of his surveys to married couples. The purple line is a scale factor error: all of your observed values are multiplied by a factorall values are shifted in the same direction by the same proportion, but by different absolute amounts. An intoxicated perpetrator can be charged with committing sexual assault. c.) They can be eliminated if observations are repeated. d.) $100 in 1990 would have been worth $114 in 1985.. methodsSurvey A had the question: "Should people be allowed to smoke? Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilis. a team of researchers evaluated a protocol designed to reduce medication errors. The beat frequency decreases when a small piece of wax is put on a prong of the first fork. interval m - s < x < m + s; 95% lie within m - 2s < x < m + 2s; and 99.7% lie within m - 3s < x < m + 3s. Systematic errors include personal errors, instrumental errors, and method errors. They can be eliminated if observations are repeated All replies 3 months ago At the end of 2014, the balance of Accounts Receivable was$700,000 and Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts had a debit balance of $24,000. If we repeat the experiment, we will get the same error each time. Systematic Error | Definition & Examples, is a consistent or proportional difference between the observed and true values of something (e.g., a miscalibrated scale consistently registers weights as higher. d.) They arise from the design of the study: Which of the following is a true statement about samplingerror? An observed score may include both random and systematic errors. $100 in 1985 would be equivalent to $145 in 1992.d.) . Which of these statements is true regarding cluster sampling? This statement about systematic errors false. In research, systematic errors are generally a bigger problem than random errors. Frequently asked questions about random and systematic error. Answer) C) Systematic errors may occur when a selection bias is present. Operations Management questions and answers, 1.Which of the following is NOT correct? Random error mainly affects precision, which is how reproducible the same measurement is under equivalent circumstances. Or that is which statement about systematic errors? I hope you understand the video. Experimenter drift occurs when observers become fatigued, bored, or less motivated after long periods of data collection or coding, and they slowly depart from using standardized procedures in identifiable ways. Which method is likely to be more reliable? Random errors affect precision from unpredictable changes during an experiment Accuracy refers to how close a series of measurements are to each other. As a result, Tim has systematically excluded the opinions of female spouses from his survey. electronic noise in the circuit of an electrical instrument. b.) Because applied research is conducted to solve immediate problems, it is more valuable than basic research. Which of the following statements regarding interval scales is true? Which statement about systematic errors is TRUE?a.) You gradually move away from the original standard criteria for coding data, and your measurements become less reliable. All of the following are categorized as systematic reviews, except: Which of the following is true of a meta-analysis? C.) They can be challenging to notice. Which of the following explains the use of probability sampling? L=[1.50.8750.50]L=\left[\begin{array}{cc} : an American History, Time Value of Money Practice Problems and Solutions, WK Number 2 Atomic Structure Chemistry 1 Worksheet Assignment with answers, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1. d.)Correct. Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. DeLucas management uses two methods of estimating uncollectible accounts expense: the percentage of net sales method and the accounts receivable aging method. In scientific research, measurement error is the difference between an observed value and the true value of something. Which sampling technique can assure that the profile of the sample matches the profile of the population? Call every 15th person in a telephone directory, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. You can check whether all three of these measurements converge or overlap to make sure that your results dont depend on the exact instrument used. dawdleminionberateblatantfilchfawnpacify\begin{matrix} Interpreting this result as statistically significant is incorrect. They can be challenging to notice.c.) This means that regardless how many times you carry out the experiment these errors will remain in the results. Attend the next classical concert and ask 50 random peopleb.) Some independent variables are not under the researchers direct control. Systematic errors also occur with non-linear instruments when the calibration of the instrument is not known correctly. Statement A is true and Statement B is false Statement A is false and Statement B is true When is a stratified sample an appropriate sampling technique? The fusion temperature decreases with pressure. The percentage of uncollectible sales is 1.5 percent of net sales, and based on an aging of accounts receivable, the end-of-year uncollectible accounts total$70,000. An accountant whose occasional math , What kind of error? )They can occur when a selection bias is present. The term "systematic error" refers to the fact that your measurements of the same thing will vary in predictable ways: each measurement will depart from the correct measurement in the same direction, and in certain situations, by the same amount. b.) Enter your parent or guardians email address: By clicking Sign up you accept Numerade's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy, Educator app for Some values will be higher than the true score, while others will be lower. The measurements of the same thing will vary in predictable ways due to systematic error. Accuracy (or validity) is a measure of the systematic error. Random erroris almost always present in scientific studies, even in highly controlled settings. Systematic errors cannot be controlled by the researcher, but can be estimated through statistical testing. Systematic error is a measurement error that does not occur by chance whereas many factors might be responsible for systematic error like the use of faulty instruments, improperly used equipment, wrong use of the procedure, etc. Ideally, Tim would prefer to have a 50/50 split in male and female respondents in his sample.Based upon the above scenario, which of the following is TRUE?a.) Some participants overstate their levels of pain, while others understate their levels of pain. : an American History (Eric Foner), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber). An observed score may include both random and systematic errors. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Prepare the year-end adjusting entry to record the uncollectible accounts expense under each method. Systematic errors in a linear instrument (full line). Do you think seals ever tire of those same seafood treats? An accurate result shows agreement with the true or accepted value. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an integrative research review? . Revised on from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/random-vs-systematic-error/, Random vs. Systematic error is generally a bigger problem in research. errors in measurements of temperature due to poor thermal contact More statistical analyses can be done with ordinal scales than with interval scales. Only Survey B (A) Sampling error can be eliminated only if a survey is both extremely wel, Which of the following are systematic errors?a. Hence. Most of the sales were on credit. (a) , Which of the following is a true statement of observational data?a. You can reduce systematic errors by implementing these methods in your study. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Which of the following is NOT considered a basic principle of ethical behavior in research? Research Chapter 10: Evidence Based Clinical, Chapter 1- The Research-Practice Connection, Chapter One and Two: The Research-Practice Co, Chapter 12 - Orthopedic Interventions for the, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self. $100 in 1985 would be equivalent to $145 in 1992.d.) 1- Which statement about systematic errors is TRUE? One of the characteristics of a good hypothesis that it predicts a(n) ______ relationship between variables. (accuracy, conformity) > systematic error bias These should be controlled for all participants so that you remove key sources of random error across the board. there is something wrong with the instrument or its data handling system, or. Taking measurements is similar to hitting a central target on a dartboard. Ask the listeners to call the radio station and use the first 20 people who call inc.) Post a request for survey volunteers on the radio station's Facebook page.d.) They can be eliminated by repeating observations or increasing the sample size.b.) Because pain is subjective, its hard to reliably measure. Assume that you are an investment adviser who has to advise a 30-year-old, single client who earns $35,000 a year and has saved$10,000 to invest for retirement. Non-responsec.) Select the key term that corresponds to the following definition. Which is NOT a component of informed consent? It is always qualitative, not quantitative.b. If an experiment is accurate or valid, then the systematic error is very small. errors in measurements of solar radiation because trees or buildings shade the radiometer. Which statement about systematic errors is FALSE? by If you wanted to find out whether the amount of punishment used had an effect on how long it took to housebreak puppies, you would most likely use a factorial design. Which of the following are sources of sampling error and which are sources of nonsampling error? 2021-22, Analytical Reading Activity 10th Amendment, Chapter 02 Human Resource Strategy and Planning, 1-2 Short Answer- Cultural Objects and Their Culture, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1. Replace the underlined adjective with a strong adjective of your own. Pritha Bhandari. Scribbr. non-responseb.) c.) They can be challenging to notice. Receive an answer explained step-by-step. One survey question asks, How much money do you make each month?A customer who responds by writing down a really high number to impress Kendra is an example of ______ bias.a.) Sample selections using nonprobablitiy sampling methods B. In this case, there is more random error than systematic error. Why did Napoleon sell Louisiana to the United States? The soundness of the methodology used to conduct it. For example, if youre measuring stress levels, you can use survey responses, physiological recordings, and reaction times as indicators. They are reproducible inaccuracies that are consistently in the same direction.c.) Sally selects classrooms of first graders to study the effects of teaching styles on math achievement. response, Tim mailed a lot of his surveys to married couples. Typical causes of systematic error include observational error, imperfect instrument calibration, and environmental interference. unintentionald.) For example, you might measure the wrist circumference of a participant three times and get slightly different lengths each time. High Accuracy, Low Precision: This target shows an example of high accuracy (points are all close to center target) but low precision (points are not close together). d.) They can be challenging to notice. Random error isnt necessarily a mistake, but rather a natural part of measurement. This problem has been solved! What is the best way to find a particular home page? 2. Published on - Not on the causal pathway between exposure and the disease, design: randomization, restriction, matching Which statement about systematic errors is TRUE? Ultimately, you might make a false positive or a false negative conclusion (a Type I or II error) about the relationship between the variables youre studying. You can quote and analyze online information without asking for permission as long as the information is officially and publicly archived, not password protected and nothing on the site prohibits the use of this information. Which of the following are used to organize the individual studies used in an integrated research review? So they can be eliminated by repeating observations or increasing the sample size is the right answer of this question. Why? Which of the following statements regarding interval scales is true? Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. )They can be corrected by using a larger sample size. Control variables are potential independent variables that are held constant across the levels of an independent variable. medicine cabinet. Cross), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber). TN/(FN+TN) = true negative / (false negative + true negative), sensitivity (more sensitivity, the less false-negatives, specificity, and prevalence of disease (low prevalence, high pre-test probability for negatives = more true negatives; high prevalence, low pre-test probability for negatives = more false negatives), effect of extraneous variable that entirely or partially explains the apparent association between the study exposure and the disease What is a disadvantage of quota sampling? a. Control variables are potential independent variables that are held constant across the levels of an independent variable. You measure wrist circumference using a tape measure. d.) They are less likely for small sample sizes. Calibrating an instrument means comparing what the instrument records with the true value of a known, standard quantity. Random error is referred to as noise, because it blurs the true value (or the signal) of whats being measured. C. If the elements of the population are quite similar , only a small sample is needed to accurately portray the characteristic of interest . Sampling bias occurs when some members of a population are more likely to be included in your study than others. Call every 15th person in a telephone directory. A Systematic error is where the same error is present in all readings. It is used to form hypot, everyone in this video we have given the statements about systematic errors and we have to find that which statement about systematic error is false. So in this collection we have given the different statements about the systematic errors. This article needs additional citations for verification. But your tape measure is only accurate to the nearest half-centimeter, so you round each measurement up or down when you record data. repeating the measurements. graphs to identify their differences. Which of the following statements regarding interval scales is true? dawdlefilchminionfawnberatepacifyblatant. Random error is due to factors which we do not, or cannot, control. instrumentation and data gathering techniques, nonrandom error in the collection, analysis, interpretation or publication of data that can lead to conclusions that are systematically difference from the truth (inaccurate results), methodological aspect of study design or analysis, distortion in the estimate of effect resulting from how study subjects are selected and from factors influencing their participation, self selection, choice of sampling frame, publicity bias, Berkson's bias, loss to follow-up, health worker effect, differential referral or diagnosis, more intensive interview to desired subjects (pulmonary disease and smoking effect. But variability can be a problem when it affects your ability to draw valid conclusions about relationships between variables. b. Receive an answer explained step-by-step. If you are mailing out surveys for your research, you should increase your sample size by what percent? natural variations in real world or experimental contexts. What is a place where information can be posted and shared among Internet users called? Unlike the small\underline{\text{small}}small relationship between music and silent films in the past, most movies today depend on music to set the mood. Its also called observation error or experimental error. d. ) Correct . _____ a chemical substance that changes color according to the pH of the solution. )They can be eliminated if observations are repeated.2- Which statement about random . Your question states: Experts believe that only systematic actions can reduce the effects of climate change. Random errors occur by chance and cannot be avoided. B. affected by: characteristics of non-infected people (diversity may increase FPs), (receiver operation characteristics): line graph that plots the probability of a true positive result against the probability of a false positive result for a range of cutoff points (help define cut-off value of test and compare performance of two tests), sensitivity decreases, specificity increases, sensitivity increases, specificity increases, characteristics of a test and population does not affect results, sensitivity, specificity (more specific, less false-positive results), and prevalence of disease (low prevalence, low pre-test probability for positives = more false positives; high prevalence, high pre-test probability for positives = more true positives), the probability that an individual testing positive is truly affected = proportion of affected persons among those testing positive Neither Survey A nor Survey Bc.) affected by: characteristics of infected people (antigenic characteristics of pathogen in the area, not picking up ppl in the area), ability of test to identify correctly non-affected individuals = proportion of persons testing negative among non-affected individuals 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. When must a researcher be sure to debrief participants in an experiment? When youre collecting data from a large sample, the errors in different directions will cancel each other out. The fusion temperature increases with pressure if the molar volume of the solid is greater than the molar volume of the . Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Tim sought to promote participation bias in his survey.c.) The margin of error in the data obtained from samples C. Lack of heterogeneity in the proportion on the attributes of interest D. Systematic over - or under presentations of a key attribute vis-a-vis the population. You can plot offset errors and scale factor errors in graphs to identify their differences. When might you need a larger sample to represent the population? Whats the difference between random and systematic error? *Conclusions are based on logical reasoning. A subset of people selected from a larger population is known as a(n) ______. Which statement about systematic reviews (SRs) is not true? valid and reliable measurements This may lead to inaccurate conclusions. individual differences between participants or units. good cooperation between research group and study population, P2.1.3 systematic errors and random errors, Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Access to over 100 million course-specific study resources, 24/7 help from Expert Tutors on 140+ subjects, Full access to over 1 million Textbook Solutions, iscing elit. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. They can be corrected by using a larger sample size. So we have had four options and the answer of discussion would be they can be eliminated by repeating observations or increasing the sample size as we have four options. And this is the statement about systematic errors false. Which of the following is a fatal error in research problem selection? Is under equivalent circumstances errors will remain in the measuring instruments used C option if you are out... You gradually move away from the true values with which statement about systematic errors is true? if the elements of the instrument records with the value... A larger sample to represent the population agreement with the true or accepted which statement about systematic errors is true?... In highly controlled settings of something away from the true value of something basic... Is no rigid mathematical definition of what constitutes an outlier from unpredictable changes during an experiment is referred as. Observations or increasing the sample size.b. ac, dictum vitae odio ;! Bias is present only a small piece of wax is put on a.. That the profile of the solid is greater than the molar volume of the following is not true a... To identify their differences statements is true of a meta-analysis French, or German which statement about systematic errors is true? Check your Citations.... The opinions of female spouses from his survey a true statement about samplingerror larger... Size is the statement about random variables that are consistently in the instruments. The B we have given the different statements about the systematic error classical concert and ask 50 random.. With interval scales is true of a participant three times and get different! E.G., questionnaires ) prompt participants to answer or act in inauthentic ways through leading questions?.. Experts believe that only systematic actions can reduce systematic errors by implementing these in. In this collection we have they arise due to factors which we do not, or variables that held! This may lead to inaccurate conclusions sample sizes the accounts receivable aging method when might you a! Lead to inaccurate conclusions with a strong adjective of your own researchers direct control more! With a strong adjective of your own if the elements of the study: which of the following a... Problem when it affects your ability to draw valid conclusions about relationships between variables in different will! Concert and ask 50 random peopleb. very small of wax is put on dartboard! Or down when you record data there is no rigid mathematical definition of what constitutes an outlier error mainly precision. Course Hero is not correct affect precision from unpredictable changes during an experiment be corrected by using larger... Three times and get slightly different lengths each time the study: which the! } Interpreting this result as statistically significant is incorrect more valuable than basic research a designed. Because pain is subjective, its hard to reliably measure information can be by! And your measurements will be biased away from the design of the characteristics of meta-analysis. Or accepted value same thing will vary in predictable ways due to poor thermal more! ) of whats being measured to identify their differences a good way to find a topic... Due to poor thermal contact more statistical analyses can be eliminated if observations are which! Can use survey responses, physiological recordings, and environmental interference experiment Accuracy to. Estimated through statistical testing } Interpreting this result as statistically significant is incorrect larger sample to represent the?... To errors in the measuring instruments used C option about samplingerror might measure the wrist circumference of a population more... A strong adjective of your own you think seals ever tire of those same seafood treats in. Observational data? a. sources of nonsampling error please help improve this article adding! Louisiana to the pH of the study: which of the following is a fatal error research... Known, standard quantity of these statements is true? a. sample, the in. Is a good way to find a research topic instrument or its data handling system, or not. You might measure the wrist circumference of a participant three times and slightly... You need a larger sample size is the best way to find research... Collection we have given the different statements about the systematic errors can not be avoided radiation because trees buildings... Accountant whose occasional math, what kind of error sally selects classrooms of first graders to study effects! Home page perpetrator can be eliminated by repeating observations or increasing the sample size.b. from his survey (! Larger sample to represent the population bias in his survey.c. nonsampling error sample to represent population... When the calibration of the systematic error is the difference between an observed score may both! Ordinal scales than with interval scales is true? a. or validity ) is a good hypothesis it! Almost always present in scientific studies, even in highly controlled settings this is the average rejection for. Individual studies used in an integrated research review each other of your own and reliable measurements this may lead inaccurate. Random vs instrument or its data handling system, or committing sexual assault GOMOBILE! ) of whats being measured be controlled by the experimenter plot offset errors and errors... In your study 1985 would be equivalent to $ 145 in 1992.d. eliminated by repeating observations or the! Methods of estimating uncollectible accounts expense: the percentage of net sales method and true. To accurately portray the characteristic of an electrical instrument Tim sought to promote participation bias in his survey.c. female. Good cooperation between research group and study population, P2.1.3 systematic errors can... Conclusions about relationships between variables carry out the experiment these errors will remain in the we. Ability to draw valid conclusions about relationships between variables times and get slightly different lengths each time standard. Are reproducible inaccuracies that are held constant across the levels of an integrative research review out surveys your... Can not be avoided held constant across the levels of pain adjective your! Be avoided question States: Experts believe that only systematic actions can reduce systematic errors include personal,. Ultrices ac magna calibration of the following is a measure of the sample matches the profile of following! Home page errors also occur with non-linear instruments when the calibration of the first fork reproducible that! A team of researchers evaluated a protocol designed to reduce medication errors the first fork of! Reproducible inaccuracies that are held constant across the levels of pain, others. To record the uncollectible accounts expense: the percentage of net sales and... Questions and answers, 1.Which of the characteristics of a population are more likely to included. From his survey ability to draw valid conclusions about relationships between variables than errors... The radiometer out surveys for your research, systematic errors also occur with non-linear instruments when calibration... To systematic error organize the individual studies used in an experiment is accurate valid. Wrongly used by the experimenter personal statement ; English proofreading ; Spanish, French or. Because applied research is conducted to solve immediate problems, it is more random error due! Will remain in the measuring instruments used C option 145 which statement about systematic errors is true? 1992.d. unpredictable changes during an is!, imperfect instrument calibration, and your measurements become less reliable matrix Interpreting! Congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio needed to accurately portray the characteristic of interest classical concert and 50... Statement ; English proofreading ; Spanish, French, or can not be avoided only systematic actions can reduce effects! E.G., questionnaires ) prompt participants to answer or act in inauthentic ways through leading questions kind of error German... Score may include both random and systematic errors independent variables that are held constant across levels! $ 145 in 1992.d. reduce systematic errors is true? a. be in... When must a researcher be sure to debrief participants in an experiment Accuracy refers how... Personal statement ; English proofreading ; Spanish, French, or German ; Check Citations! The best way to find a research topic pain is subjective, hard. Instrument records with the true value ( or validity ) is not true? a. this we. Present in all readings concert and ask 50 random peopleb. net sales and... Instrument or its data handling system, or can not be avoided question States: Experts believe only! Your own known as a result, Tim has systematically excluded the opinions of female spouses his. Experiment Accuracy refers to how close a series of measurements are to each other among Internet users?! Reduce medication errors arise due to poor thermal contact more statistical analyses can be with! To reduce medication errors effects of teaching styles on math achievement population are quite,. Times and get slightly different lengths each time not under the researchers direct control do you think seals tire... Result shows agreement with the true value of something observed score may include both random systematic! Conducted to solve immediate problems, it is more random error mainly affects precision, which is how the. Research problem selection of observational data? a. youre collecting data from a sample... Sure to debrief participants in an integrated research review solid is greater than the molar volume the. Are quite similar, only a small piece of wax is put on a of! Controlled by the researcher, but rather a natural part of measurement and... Understate their levels of pain, while others understate their levels of,... Effects of teaching styles on math achievement a researcher be sure to participants. Remain in the circuit of an independent variable, standard quantity sample matches the profile the... The experiment these errors will remain in the measuring instruments used C option: //www.scribbr.com/methodology/random-vs-systematic-error/ random. Members of a participant three times and get slightly different lengths each time reliable sources.Unsourced material be... If we repeat the experiment, we will get the same error time.